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WORKS  OF 


JtCH.  cazin 


THE  AMERICAN  ART  GALLERIES 

Madison   Square,  South 
NEW   YORK 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

LYRASIS  Members  and  Sloan  Foundation 


http://archive.org/details/artpaintOOamer 


CATALOGUE 


OF 


PAINTINGS 


BY 


JEAN-CHARLES  CAZIN 


EXHIBITED    UNDER   THE    MANAGEMENT 
OF    THE   AMERICAN    ART    ASSOCIATION 


THE  AMERICAN  ART  GALLERIES 

madison  square,  south 

New  York 

1893 


Press  of  J.  J   I.iitle  &  Co. 
Astor  Place,  New  York 


4&7 


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When  two  v.  are  ago  thi  -  d  ,lhal 

libition  o(  mj  work  would  bi    appn  i  iati  d  bj  the   pubhi  ,  I  ac- 

the  idea  without  any  thouf  hi  ol  spi  i  illation. 

I  |  peering,  at  that  time,  such  a  cordial  reception  as 

[  have  received  in  this  country,  far  from  anl  ich  kindness 

on  thi    p  '  ,!  '?'    nnil"; 

taking   and  to  whom   I  wish  to  thank  most  Iiall)  foi   their  good 

will   '  I  have  always  had  the  though!   befon   me,  whili   working,  that 

a   ,,,    anothei    I   mighl   bi    able  to   reumti    mj    scattere, 
tures      In  painting  I  have  ever  kept  certain  motives  in    u  w.     1  have 

on  principl!  sought  I iquei  difficulties,  and  I  havi  spared  n. 

,      „,  5erve  foi  truth  to  the  houi  oj  the  day  or  night, 

rime  when  n  was  painted,  dis- 
the  series. 

This  comparison,  which  I  could  onlj  mak rtiallybythi   lew 

I  had  in  my  studio,  it  fa  pi  '  what  bold  to  hope,  may 

,  .„,,  mpted  in  thi  rt«i  h  is  here  brought 

i  i  I  ibli    to  show  thai  1  bav< 

tb    ■    ;  ■■   '   :'    '  '" 

[Signed]    J.-CH.  (   \/i\ 
New  Yoi    ,  Ni    ember  is,  1893. 


SOME     MODERN     FRENCH 
PAINTERS. 

BY   THEODORE   CHILD. 

From   " Harper's  Magazine,"  and  "  Art  and  Criticism.'' 
Copyright,  l8go,  by  Harper  &>  Brothers. 

"  Qu'il  soit  done  permis  &  chacun  et  i  tous  de  voir  avec  les  yeux 
qu'ils  ont.  .  .  .  Dans  tous  les  arts,  la  victoire  sera  toujours  a  quel- 
ques  privile"gies  qui  se  laisseront  aller  eux-memes,  et  les  discus- 
sions d'ecole  passeront  comme  passent  les  modes." — George 
Sand. 

Whether  in  the  annual  Salons,  compared  with  analo- 
gous exhibitions  in  other  countries,  or  whether  at  great 
universal  shows  like  the  recent  Paris  Exhibition  of  18S9, 
the  visitor  cannot  fail  to  be  struck  by  the  preeminence  of 
the  French  painters,  by  the  general  high  average  of  their 
talent,  by  their  superior  skilfulness  of  execution,  and, 
above  all,  by  the  energy,  the  variety,  and  the  sincerity  of 
their  vision.  Preceding  epochs  of  French  civilization 
have  left  us  in  their  pictures  a  somewhat  abstract  image 
of  men  and  things.  Modern  French  democracy  will  leave 
in  its  painting  a  portrait  of  itself  which  will  be  precise 
and  absolute,  for  that  which  evidently  most  interests  the 
French  painters  and  the  French  public  at  the  present  day 
is  living  life,  nature,  reality,  modernity. 

And  the  modernity  aimed  at  is  not  that  which  is  con- 
stituted by  clothing  a  figure  in  a  coat  instead  of  in  a  toga 
or  a  tunic,  but  that  which  consists  in  a  physiognomy,  a 
muscular  development,  a  habit  of  body  which  reflects  the 
3 


states  of  soul,  the  moral  peculiarities,  the  conditions, 
struggles,  and  hierarchies  of  life,  the  moral  intimiU  of  a 
theme  or  figure.  This  modernity  we  find  expressed  with 
the  utmost  intensity  in  certain  pictures  and  drawings  by 
MM.  Degas  and  Raffaelli,  and  that,  too,  without  the  aid 
of  scenic  arrangements,  attributes,  or  accessories,  but 
simply  by  means  of  the  implacable  rendering  of  charac- 
teristic gestures  and  attitudes,  of  the  perfect  harmony  of 
the  figures  with  their  natural  surroundings,  and  of  the 
subtle  sensation  of  moral  atmosphere  which  they  evoke. 
Amongst  the  portraitists,  landscapists,  and  genre  painters, 
when  wc  compare  their  works  with  those  of  the  past,  we 
notice  an  endeavor  to  give  more  refined  esthetic  realiza- 
tions of  sensations  of  nature.  In  the  genre  pictures,  again, 
we  remark  a  tendency  to  depict  scenes  of  real  life,  more 
especially  the  life  of  the  humble— of  the  peasants,  of  the 
workers  at  trades — so  that  the  collective  productions  of 
these  painters  will  form  for  posterity  a  vast  museum  of 
moral  and  physical  documents,  as  it  were,  a  material  and 
psychological  iconography  of  the  end  of  this  troubled 
nineteenth  century.  Wc  may  even  be  tempted  to  regret 
that  the  representation  of  the  meaner  aspects  of  reality 
largely  predominates  in  the  compositions  of  contemporary 
French  painters,  at  the  expense  of  that  which  is  grand, 
refined,  delicate,  or  exquisite. 

To  analyze  the  moral  tendencies  of  contemporary 
French  painting,  to  set  forth  the  modifications  of  vision 
and  of  ideals  which  have  come  to  pass  within  the  last 
thirty  years,  to  characterize  even  briefly  the  aims  and 
talents  of  the  most  prominent  amongst  the  French 
painters,  would  be  an  agreeable  undertaking  ;  but  unless 
the  subject  were  treated  with  considerable  development  it 
would  scarcely  be  intelligible,  much  less  edifying,  to  the 
general  reader.  In  presence  of  the  multitude  of  things 
that  appeal  to  the  attention  and  interest  of  the  men  of  to- 
day, simplification  and  elimination  of  all  that  is  unneces- 
sary are  imperative.  With  the  rivalries  and  discussions 
4 


of  schools  the  general  reader  has  no  concern  ;  from  the 
influences  and  suggestions  of  passing  fashion  it  is  less 
easy  for  him  to  escape  ;  nevertheless  it  will  be  our  en- 
deavor in  the  following  pages  to  neglect  entirely  conven- 
tional opinions  and  current  estimations  and  to  speak  as 
concisely  as  is  consistent  with  clearness  of  the  talents  and 
works  of  a  chosen  few  contemporary  French  painters 
whose  personality  or  whose  achievements  have  given  them 
absolute  distinction.  Such  men  are  MM.  Puvis  de  Cha- 
vannes,  J.  C.  Cazin,  Degas,  Raffaelli,  Aime  Morot,  Elie 
Delaunay,  Dagnan-Bouveret. 

M.  JEAN   CHARLES  CAZIN 

is  one  of  the  most  original  and  fascinating  personalities 
in  contemporary  French  art,  not  greater  than  M.  Puvis 
de  Chavannes,  but  great  in  a  different  way.  For  that 
matter,  it  is  useless  and  impertinent  to  attempt  to  es- 
tablish any  hierarchy  amongst  artists  of  complete  excel- 
lence. M.  Cazin  is  a  man  of  medium  stature,  with  a 
massive  head  of  large  volume,  long  gray-blond  hair  hang- 
ing over  the  shoulders,  features  of  great  strength  and 
precision,  prominent  eyes,  with  rather  heavy  eyelids,  an 
expression  of  detachment  from  material  things  and  absorp- 
tion in  some  internal  dream.  In  M.  Cazin's  impressive 
face  the  large  blue-gray  eyes  at  once  fix  your  attention  by 
their  serenity  and  power  ;  you  feel  that  they  are  implac- 
able mirrors,  reflecting  integrally  and  with  the  most  ex- 
quisite delicacy  of  perception  all  that  passes  before  them, 
and  at  the  same  time  you  feel  that  they  are  the  servants  of 
a  great  soul.  These  eyes  are  not  the  bright,  sparkling,  and 
searching  organs  of  the  painters  of  externality,  behind 
which  you  divine  nothing  but  a  skilful  workman's  hand  ; 
they  are  the  eyes  of  a  poet  who  is  a  dreamer  of  mystic 
dreams.  For  this  man  painting  is  not  a  commerce  but  an 
inspiration  ;  he  does  not  sit  down  with  the  commonplace 
purpose  of  making  a  mere  literal  transcript  of  reality,  but 
5 


rather  uses  nature  as  the  means  of  expression,  and.  as  it 
were,  the  vehicle  of  an  intimate  ideal  ;  possessing  super- 
abundantly that  intricate  combination  of  intuitive  percep- 
tions, feelings,  experience,  and  memory  which  we  call 
imagination,  he  dominates  nature,  and  manifests  in  har- 
monious creations  the  enthusiasm,  the  passion,  the  melan- 
choly, the  thousand  shades  of  joy  or  grief,  which  he  feels 
in  his  communion  with  the  great  Sphinx. 

M.  Cazin  was  born  at  Samer,  in  the  department  of  Pas- 
de-Calais,  in  1841.  lie  received  his  first  artistic  education 
at  Paris  at  the  "'petite  e'eole,"  as  it  used  to  be  called, 
over  which  M.  Lecocq  de  Boisbaudran  presided,  and  which 
is  now  a  decorative  art  school.  MM.  Leon  Lhermitte  and 
Paul  Renouard  also  went  to  this  "petite  e'eole,"  which 
had  the  advantage  of  not  teaching  too  much,  and  of  leav- 
ing the  pupils  free  to  develop  their  personality  unham- 
pered by  rigid  academic  traditions.  After  exhibiting  some 
pictures  in  the  Salons  of  1864  and  1865,  Cazin  devoted 
himself  with  great  success  to  teaching  art,  both  at  the 
Ecole  Nationale  dc  Dessin,  at  the  Kcole  Speciale  d'Archi- 
tecture,  and  afterward  in  an  art  school  at  Tours.  From 
1871  to  1875  M.  Cazin  was  living  in  England,  Italy,  and 
Holland,  and  at  one  time  he  was  engaged  both  in  France 
and  in  England  in  making  artistic  faience.  Meantime  he 
was  studying,  completing  his  culture  and  his  artistic  equip- 
ment, and  becoming  a  master  of  all  kinds  of  technical 
processes.  Like  the  artists  of  the  Renaissance,  M.  Cazin 
can  express  himself  by  the  most  various  means — sculpture, 
oil-painting,  water-colors,  pastel,  combinations  of  pastel, 
gouache,  and  wax  of  the  most  delicate  aspect,  to  say 
nothing  of  his  ceramic  work,  in  which  he  has  revealed 
such  remarkable  decorative  sentiment.  His  great  celeb- 
rity as  an  artist  is  now  of  some  ten  years'  standing.  His 
thief  works  exhibited  at  the  Salon  have  been  "The  Flight 
into  Egypt"  (1877),  "  Le  Voyage  de  Tobie  "  (1878),  "  Le 
Depart"  (lS;c)\  "  Ishmael  "  and  "Tobie"  (1880),  "Sou- 
venir de  Fete"  (iSSi),  "Judith"  (1883),  "La  Journee 
6 


faite  "  (i8S8).  M.  Cazin  obtained  a  first-class  medal  in 
18S0,  and  the  decoration  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  in  1882, 
on  the  occasion  of  a  collective  exhibition  of  his  works. 
Our  illustration  is  a  reproduction  of  an  oil-painting  called 
"The  Nativity."  It  is  evening;  the  shades  of  night 
are  overpowering  the  last  glow  of  the  sunset.  A  roughly 
thatched  shed,  a  ladder  leaning  against  the  shed,  a  loose 
stone  wall  enclosing  the  simple  shelter,  a  heap  of  straw, 
a  mother  and  her  babe,  a  man  draped  in  brown  garments 
and  resting  on  a  staff — such  are  the  elements  of  the 
human  scene,  which  is  set  in  a  harmony  of  gray-green 
and  roseate  gray  of  indescribable  and  enveloping  mystery. 
This  picture,  like  all  M.  Cazin's  landscapes,  is  remark- 
able for  the  distinction  of  its  tone,  the  absolute  verity  of 
the  light,  the  quality  of  atmosphere  and  ambience.  In 
the  exquisite  study  of  the  phenomena  of  light  and  shade, 
and  more  especially  in  the  endeavor  to  render  diffused 
light,  M.  Cazin  is  peculiarly  modern.  In  the  painting  of 
the  past  twenty  years,  more  especially  in  French  paint- 
ing, the  capital  characteristic  to  be  noted  is  precisely  this 
evolution  of  the  color  sense,  and  the  concomitant  intensi- 
fication of  the  perceptive  powers  of  the  eye.  The  results 
of  this  evolution  are  strikingly  noticeable  when  we  see  a 
modern  picture,  whether  landscape  or  a  figure  subject,  side 
by  side  with  an  old  picture.  In  this  particular  point  of 
atmospheric  truth  we  remark  immediately  in  the  modern 
picture  a  photometric  quality  which  leads  us  to  conclude 
that  the  modern  eye  is  sensitive  to  many  things  which  our 
fathers  did  not  perceive.  Nor  is  this  conclusion  at  all 
unreasonable  ;  for  modern  science  has  demonstrated  that 
our  visual  organs  have  passed  through  slow  degrees  of 
progress,  and  that  Nature  has  not  always  appeared  to 
man  in  the  colors  which  she  now  wears.  The  Breslau 
professor,  Hugo  Magnus,  tells  us  that  sensitiveness  to 
different  colors  was  perfected  gradually  in  the  course  of 
ages,  and  this  evolution,  he  thinks,  is  still  far  from  being 
complete.  And  in  this  opinion  we  may  well  join  the 
7 


eminent  inquirer  when  we  think  of  the  immense  influence 
which  a  precursor  like  Manet  has  had  upon  contemporary 
painting,  and  of  the  influence  which  another  precursor— 
M.  Claude  Monet— is  at  present  exercising.  I  speak  of 
both  these  men  merely  as  precursors  and  experimenters, 
because  I  consider  that  neither  the  one  nor  the  other  has 
produced  a  work  having  that  beauty,  that  taste,  and  that 
mysterious  and  definitive  charm  which  stamp  the  creations 
of  the  consummate  artist.  On  the  other  hand,  both  Manet 
and  M.  Monet  have  studied  the  diffused  vibrations  of  light 
in  the  open  air  with  most  complete  success  ;  their  minds, 
framed  analytically  after  the  model  of  modern  rationalism, 
have  led  them  to  use  their  eyes  scientificall) — to  decom- 
pose color,  and  to  fix  the  real  effect  by  establishing  rigor- 
ously the  series  of  relations.  Hence  the  idea  of  values, 
of  which  we  have  heard  so  much  of  late  years.  Hence, 
too,  that  other  idea  of  the  integrity  of  the  subject,  which 
is  the  second  tenet  of  the  contemporary  French  painters 
of  the  new  school— let  us  paint  what  we  see,  and  as  we 
see  it ;  we  need  neither  dramatic  nor  sentimental  stories  ; 
truth  alone  is  sufficient.  From  Manet— or,  more  exactly, 
from  Manet  diluted  and  mitigated  by  Bastien-Lepage— 
springs  in  a  large  measure  the  contemporary  school  of 
French  genre  painting,  about  which  we  shall  have  some- 
thing to  say  later. 

Let  us  now  return  to  M.  Cazin.  In  his  pictures  we  find 
neither  beautiful  forms,  nor  grand  style,  nor  color,  in  the 
old  sense  of  those  terms,  as  they  might  be  applied  to  the 
works  of  Raphael  or  Paul  Veronese.  On  the  other  hand, 
we  are  struck  by  the  evidence  of  researches  that  are  at 
once  intellectual  and  technical,  and  thanks  to  which  the 
eye  and  the  hand  of  the  artist  have  grown  in  sensitive- 
ness, while,  at  the  same  time,  his  soul  has  become  acutely 
conscious  of  the  joy,  the  gayety,  the  dramatic  expressive- 
ness, the  infinite  poetry  of  light.  It  is  by  the  exact  and 
sympathetically  emotional  rendering  of  effects  of  light 
that  M.  Cazin  invariably  develops  and  enforces  his  theme. 
8 


Like  Corot,  M.  Cazin  is  always  full  of  soul  ;  in  unheroic 
and  even  familiar  subjects  he  gives  us  the  impression  of 
a  thoughtful,  serious,  and  yet  hopeful  nature  ;  he  is  al- 
ways simple,  always  eloquent,  and  always  sincere  ;  in  his 
pictures  there  is  no  imposing  majesty  of  composition,  no 
blatant  anecdote,  or  importunate  morality  ;  he  paints  men 
that  he  has  seen,  houses  that  exist,  trees  that  really  grow, 
skies  that  he  has  not  invented,  and  reeds  whose  sad  music 
he  has  overheard.  Most  of  M.  Cazin's  pictures  are  repre- 
sentations of  the  simplest  sites,  often  absolutely  poor  in 
line.  One  depicts  the  entrance  of  a  village,  with  a  few 
cottages,  some  ragged  poplar-trees,  the  roseate  note  of 
red-tiled  roofs,  some  unobtrusive  figures,  and  a  luminous 
sky,  characterized  by  a  fugacious  and  subtle  effect.  An- 
other, entitled  "  Une  Ville  Morte,"  reproduced  in  our 
engraving,  represents  the  large,  rain-washed,  and  deserted 
square  of  a  provincial  town,  lined  with  rows  of  irregular 
houses  ;  it  is  night  ;  the  rolling  black  rain-clouds  are  scud- 
ding across  the  sky,  obscuring  the  moon  ;  in  the  windows 
of  the  houses  we  see  the  glare  of  lamps  ;  at  the  door  of  the 
inn  the  yellow  diligence  stands  ;  and  the  blank  square 
seems  still  to  reecho  with  the  rattling  of  the  wheels  on 
the  rugged  pavement.  "  L'Orage  "  shows  us  some  bright 
green  fields,  a  rail-fence,  a  shed  with  red-tiled  roof,  a 
windmill,  a  watercourse,  a  lurid,  cloudy  sky,  and  in  the 
background  a  suggestion  of  forked  lightning  :  it  is  a 
glimpse  of  nature  seen  and  uncomposed.  Poussin,  treat- 
ing the  same  subject,  would  have  painted  a  complete 
melodrama.  "  La  Marne  "  is  a  late  evening  effect.  The 
sunset  is  lost  in  a  dark  haze  below  the  horizon,  while  the 
vault  of  heaven  is  still  illumined  with  vertical  rose- 
colored  rays.  There  is  a  bridge,  a  lock,  the  bank  lined 
with  trees,  and  beyond  them  the  mass  of  cottages,  above 
which  rise  the  finer  houses  of  the  wealthy.  The  river, 
calm  and  vitreous,  reflects  with  intensity  the  mirage  of 
the  landscape  and  sky,  while  in  the  foreground  are  figures 
of  female  bathers  and  of  a  handmaiden  carrying  refresh- 
9 


merits  on  a  tray.  The  nude  figures  are  exquisite  in  sil- 
houette and  in  unconsciousness  of  pose.  In  its  splendid 
harmony  of  gray,  green,  and  rose,  this  picture  is  a  com- 
plete and  definitive  vision  of  evening  calm  at  the  river- 
side, familiar,  and  yet  grave  and  impressive,  for  the  hour 
has  something  of  melancholy  in  it. 

A  pale  blue  auroral  sky  flecked  with  white  clouds,  a 
pond,  a  landscape  gayly  dotted  with  flowers,  in  the  dis- 
tance blue  hills,  an  impression  of  vastness — such  is  the 
scene  in  which  M.  Cazin  depicts  Tobit  receiving  indica- 
tions from  the  white-robed  angel.  Here  is  Hagar,  the 
despairing  mother,  whom  an  angel  succored.  It  has 
been  a  burning  hot  day  ;  in  the  sky,  rosy,  lumpy  clouds 
are  rolling  across  an  arid  landscape  of  sand-hills,  dotted 
here  and  there  with  parched  and  stunted  shrubs,  and  un- 
dulating away  to  a  distance  bounded  by  tragic  forests. 
Hagar,  not  having  the  courage  to  see  Ishmael  die,  has 
left  him  in  the  bush,  and  sits  desolate  on  the  ground, 
her  empty  gourd  beside  her,  clad  in  a  sombre  blue  robe, 
and  wearing  a  white  coiffe  over  her  head.  Meanwhile  the 
angel  has  appeared  and  spoken,  and  Hagar  raises  her 
head  and  sees  a  clear  spring  where  the  angel  stands,  and 
the  white  robe  of  the  helpful  messenger  reflected  in  the 
limpid  water.  Here  is  another  evening  effect  :  An  opal- 
ine and  roseate  sky  ;  in  the  background  a  group  of 
farm  buildings  and  cottages  ;  in  the  foreground  a  field, 
some  pollard  willows,  a  felled  trunk,  on  which  an  old 
man  is  seated,  his  head  buried  in  his  hands,  dreaming  or 
sleeping.  It  is  a  laborer,  who  is  weary  with  wielding 
the  axe  all  day.  The  hour  for  rest  and  recompense  has 
come,  and  beside  him  stands  a  white  figure,  beautiful  and 
compassionate,  crowned  with  golden  leaves,  whom  he 
does  not  sec,  but  who  proffers  him  a  crown,  with  gestures 
of  consolation.  In  M.  Cazin's  mind  this  old  man  is  The- 
ocritus, and  the  phantom  figure  is  Nature  revealing  her- 
self to  his  idyllic  soul.  "  Souvenir  de  Fete  "  is  a  decora- 
tive and  allegorical  panel,  a  vision  of  the  French  national 
10 


fete  seen  from  some  lofty  standpoint.  From  the  win- 
dows of  his  house,  overlooking  the  gardens  of  the  Luxem- 
bourg, M.  Cazin  saw  the  vast  expanse  of  tree-tops  flecked 
with  the  glow  of  Venetian  lanterns,  the  distant  domes  of 
the  Pantheon  and  Val  de  Grace  garlanded  with  gas-jVt,, 
the  vast  perspective  of  Paris  gay  with  lavish  illumina- 
tions, the  fireworks  bespangling  the  sombre  blue  noctur- 
nal firmament  with  the  sudden  flash  of  pyrotechnic  stars  ; 
and  on  the  souvenir  of  this  reality  he  embroidered  his 
grandiose  allegory  of  the  resurrection  of  the  nation  under 
the  auspices  of  Virtus,  Scicntia,  and  Labor. 

Here  is  another  picture,  perhaps  the  most  important 
that  M.  Cazin  has  painted.  The  scene  represents  the  red 
brick  fortifications  of  a  mediaeval  town,  with  sad  trees 
waving  on  the  ramparts  beneath  a  cold  and  stormy 
autumnal  sky.  Night  is  approaching.  All  day  long  the 
smiths  have  been  forging  arms,  and  the  fire  is  still  alight, 
and  bars  of  iron  lie  on  the  ground  beside  it.  On  the  cold 
grass  is  the  corpse  of  a  young  man.  Outside  the  bastions 
are  huddled  together  the  sick  and  the  invalid,  who  are 
useless  for  the  defence  of  the  town.  In  the  distance  is 
the  flowery  plain  and  the  river.  On  the  towers  the  inhab- 
itants are  lighting  beacon-fires.  The  town  is  Bethulia, 
and  the  moment  has  come  when  Judith  has  vowed  to  kill 
Holofernes.  Clad  in  her  richest  robes,  dark -haired,  with 
strong  features,  she  leaves  the  town,  walking  with  stately 
tread,  without  turning  her  head,  as  she  fastens  her  cloak 
around  her  neck.  Several  common  people  are  standing 
to  see  her  pass  :  a  young  woman  and  her  babe,  leaning  on 
her  husband's  shoulder,  another  young  man  wearing  a 
cuirass,  a  boy,  who  salutes  the  grave  heroine.  In  the  dis- 
tance, just  outside  the  gates,  Judith's  servant  meets  her 
betrothed,  and  the  two  press  one  another's  hands  as  they 
continue  on  their  contrary  ways.  Such  is  the  whole  pict- 
ure, such  the  vision.  "Judith  went  forth  and  her  ser- 
vant with  her,  and  the  people  of  the  town  watched  her 
until  she  had  got  down  from  the  mountain.  .  .  .  Then, 
ii 


having  lighted  beacons  on  their  towers,   they  remained 
watching  that  night." 

This  "  Judith  "  is  the  first  of  five  compositions  ordered 
by  the  state  for  reproduction  in  the  Gobelin's  tapestry 
manufactory.  The  series  will  comprise  the  history  of 
Judith — her  going  forth.  Judith  in  the  camp,  Judith  re- 
turning with  the  head  of  Holofernes,  the  triumph  of  the 
Bethulians,  and  the  honored  old  age  of  the  heroine,  where 
we  shall  see  her  sitting  in  her  house  spinning.  In 
"Judith,"' as  in  M.  Cazin's  other  historical  pictures,  no 
effort  is  made  to  achieve  archaeological  exactitude.  The 
costume  of  Judith  is  of  all  epochs  and  of  none  in  partic- 
ular. The  dress  of  the  other  figures  is  that  of  humble 
people  of  the  present  day.  The  fortifications  are  in  the 
style  of  the  Middle  Ages.  These  details  do  not  shock  or 
surprise  ;  on  the  contrary,  they  convince  us  of  the  artist's 
sincerity,  and  render  sympathy  the  more  easy  because  we 
can  follow  the  processes  of  his  imagination.  In  a  few- 
words,  here  is  the  history  of  the  work  :  One  day  at  La 
Rochelle  M.  Cazin  found  an  old  Bible  in  which  the  story 
of  Judith  was  artlessly  told.  The  narrative  impressed 
him,  and  his  mind  continued  to  dwell  upon  it  until  at 
Antwerp  the  sight  of  the  old  fortifications  suggested 
a  pictorial  image  of  the  going  forth  from  Bcthulia.  Then, 
some  months  afterward,  at  Montreuil-sur-Mer,  a  quaint 
old  town  with  a  citadel  crowning  the  hill,  the  going  forth 
of  Judith  presented  itself  to  the  painter  as  a  complete 
vision,  and  he  gathered  Halt  vision  as  one  gathers  a  (lower, 
and  reproduced  it  on  canvas.  "  Je  l'ai  cueilli,"  as  the 
artist  said  to  me  one  day,  thereby  expressing  the  spon- 
taneity of  his  imaginative  process  as  opposed  to  the 
conscious  and,  so  to  speak,  constructive  process  of  a 
painter  who  would  determine  to  paint  a  subject,  and 
then  immediately  sit  down  to  compose  it  and  develop  it, 
step  by  step,  and  in  cold  blood.  It  is  to  this  patient 
waiting  until  the  vision  presents  itself  that  we  may  at- 
tribute those  qualities  of  reserve,  delicacy,  and  fineness 

12 


of  emotion  which  characterize  M.  Cazin  s  work,  and  en- 
rich it  with  those  suggestive  beauties  which  inspire  a 
dream  and  awaken  quick  sympathy  in  the  beholder. 

In  landscape  M.  Cazin  prefers  to  render  those  fugitive 
effects  which  demand  the  most  delicate  observation  and 
absolute  surety  of  eye.  Vast  plains,  calm  fields,  the  rose 
tiles  of  a  cottage  roof  emerging  from  pale  foliage,  a  yel- 
low flower  in  a  desert  of  sand,  a  cottage  lost  in  the  soli- 
tude of  the  dunes  of  Picardy,  the  shimmering  of  the 
crescent  moon  on  the  bosom  of  the  sea,  the  moist  and 
caressing  mantle  which  evening  throws  over  weary  nat- 
ure— such  are  some  of  the  typical  themes  of  this  poet  of 
light,  this  painter  of  pantheistic  harmonies. 

In  the  manner  of  M.  Cazin's  painting  we  never  remark 
rough  impasto,  the  violence  of  the  palette  knife,  or  the 
caprices  of  an  undisciplined  brush.  The  aspect  of  his 
pictures  is  always  attractive,  and  their  suave  and  distin- 
guished tone  is  often  absolutely  fascinating  ;  the  details 
are  subordinated  to  the  general  unity  ;  the  picture  is  one 
and  harmonious.  M.  Cazin's  dream  of  life  is  sweet,  ten- 
der, full  of  compassion  ;  his  own  facial  type  is  that  of 
the  great  lovers  of  humanity  ;  the  attitudes  which  he 
gives  to  his  figures  are  frequently  those  of  resignation 
and  of  accepted  affliction  ;  indeed,  in  a  whole  series  of 
works,  some  of  which  we  have  briefly  described,  he  has 
rejuvenated  historical  painting  by  neglecting  all  academic 
traditions,  indulging  his  own  temperament,  and  simply 
interpreting  the  subject  humanly,  intimately,  almost 
familiarly,  and  yet  always  with  gravity.  We  have  spoken 
above  of  M.  Puvis  de  Chavannes  as  a  thinker  who  paints. 
M.  Cazin  may  be  described  as  a  painter  who  thinks.  M. 
Puvis  de  Chavannes  first  of  all  conceives  his  theme  by  a 
process  of  metaphysical  and  literary  reasoning,  and  then 
gives  it  expression  by  means  of  plastic  symbols  borrowed 
from  nature.  He  is,  in  short,  essentially  an  idealist. 
M.  Cazin,  on  the  other  hand,  may  be  called  a  realist. 
Completely  cultured,  and  familiar  with  the  legends  and 
.     13 


poems  of  ages,  M.  Cazin's  faculty  of  pictorial  conception 
seems  to  be  aroused  to  activity  only  when  it  comes  into 
contact  with  reality.  lie  sees  an  actual  scene  in  Datt  re, 
and  then  his  imagination  interprets  it,  and  adorns  it  with 
some  eternal  symbol  of  compassion,  of  charity,  of  i 
nation,  or  of  simple  human  sentiment.  Constantly  inter- 
rogating nature,  incessantly  recording  notes  of  reality, 
making  drawing  after  drawing  and  study  after  study,  in- 
defatigable in  the  court  he  pays  to  his  mistress  Nature, 
M.  Cazin,  the  painter  and  limner,  is  the  prodigiously 
skilful  auxiliary  of  M.  Cazin  the  poet,  the  man  of  wide 
culture,  the  grand  artist  of  strong,  patient,  and  delicate 
soul. 


14 


CATALOGUE 


\*  The  paintings,  with  the  exception  of  those  loaned 
by  private  owners,  are  for  sale.  Prices  and  other  infor- 
mation will  be  furnished  by  the  salesman  in  charge. 


i     Sunday  Evening  in  a  Colliers'  Village 


2     Poors'  Cottages — full  moon    Q£ 


}    Windmill  near  Dunkerque    „ 


4     Clouds  in   the  Valley — December  night, 
South  of  France 


5     The  Ruins 


6     Suburb  of  Dunkerque 
15 


7  Moon  Rising  Over  the  Warren 

8  Pine-tree  in  the   South  of  France 

9  Shepherd's  Hut — November  night 

&      - 

io    An  Old  Flemish  Mill 

1 1  Windmill  and  Cornfield  in  the  old  spot 

of  "Camp  du  Drap  d'Or " 

12  Village  at  Night — all  asleep 

1 3  A  Warren  at  Noon 

£  - )  y  c 

14  Old  Houses  of  a  Provincial  Town 

15  A  Monastery 

16  Hillside  Meadow 


,6  ^ 


17  Flower  Garden  at  St.  Mande,  near  Paris 

1 8  Low  Tide 

19  Street  of  a  French  Village — Evening 

Lent  by  M.  I.  Montaignac,  Paris 


20     Part  of  a  Common — New  harvest 


2 1     Madeleine  au  Desert 

Exposition   Ceniennale  de  I'art   Fran$ais.      Expo- 
sition   Umverselle,   1889 


Lent  by  M.  I.  Montaignac,  Paris 


22  Misty  Evening 

23  Poor  Man's  Rest 

24  Mill  by  the  Sea — Sunset 

Lent  by  M.  I.  Montaignac,  Paris 
17 


25  Shepherd's  Hut  in  Spare  Ground 

26  St.  Maurice,  1880 — Evening 

Lent  by  M.  1.  Montaignac,  Paris 


27     Cre-puscule    d'ete 


28     Les  Meules 


from  Coquelin's  Col- 
lection 


Lent  by  M.I.  Montaignac,  Paris 


2Q     Clearing — End  of  a  wet  day 


30  Thornfield  Castle  •> 

Intended  for  Salon  an  Champ  de  Mars,  iSgf 

"Jane  Eyre,"  by  Currer  Bell 

31  The  First  Star— Night  coming  on 

32  September  Landscape 


33     Afternoon — Summer  time       * 


34  The  Lonely  Farm — Moon  rise 

Lent  by  M.  I.  Montaignac,  Paris 

35  Malabrie's  Valley,  near  Paris 


)6    A  Windmill  in  Flanders 

Lent  bv  M.  I.  Montaignac,  Paris 


37  Village   by  the  Sea — Storm  approaching 

38  A  Cornfield 

39  A  Lowery  Afternoon        (s\j£ 

40  The  Shore 

"The  sun  had  sunk  behind  the  lonely 
western  seas.  .  .  ." — William 
Black  (Mac  Leod  of  Dare)      Cy-e 


41     Tiny  Stacks — crop  of  a  bad  year 


42     Main  Street  of  a  French  Town 
19 


43  A  Quiet  Afternoon    g, 

44  Midnight 

Lent  by  Mr.  Charles  T.  Yerkes,  Chicago 

45  Vieille  Route  Louis  XVI. 

Lent  by  M.  C.  Couuelin,  Paris 


46    The  Windmill 


Lent  by  Mr.  Hugh  O'Neill,  New  York 

< 


47     The  Home  of  the  Artist 

Lent  by  Mr.  James  F.  Sutton,  New  York 


' 


48  Village  Street.    Seine-et-Marne — Twilight 

Lent  by  Mr.  E.  M.  O'Neill,  Pittsburg,  Ra. 

49  Culture 

Lent  by  Mr.  George  A.  Heam,  New  York 

50  Halte  de  Voyagcurs  Avant  la  Nuit 

Lent  by  Mr.  J;imes  F.  Sutton,  New  York    , 

20 


5 1     Les   Ruines 

Lent  by  Mr.  George  A.  Heam,  New  York 


52  Starlight 

Lent  by  Mr.  John  B.  Ladd,  Brooklyn    . 

53  Group  of  Cherry  Trees 

•     Lent  by  Mr.  F.  Draz,  New  York 

54  Street  of  the  Village 

Lent  by  Mr.  C.  P.  Huntington,  New  York 

55  A  Mower 

Lent  by  Messrs.  Schaus  &  Co.,  New  York 

56  Cottages 

Lent  by  Mrs.  W.  Tod  Helmuth 

57  Melting  Snow 

Lent  by  Messrs.  Schaus  &  Co.,  New  York 


58    September  Night 

Lent  by  Mr.  L.  Crist  Delmonico,  New  York 


59  The  Barley  Field   " 

Lent  by  Mr.  E.  Burgess  Warren,  Philadelphia 

60  Chaville 

Lent  by  Mr.  L.  Crist  Delmonico,  New  York 

61  Weary   Wayfarers  — -^ 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  A.  Clark,  Montana 


62    Sunset 

Lent  by  Mr.  E.  Burgess  Warren,  Philadelphia 


63     A  Garden 

Estate  of  tl 


Lent  by  the  Estate  of  the  late  Mr.  David  C.  Lyall, 
New  York 


64     Full  Moon 

Lent  by  Mr.  L.  Crist  Delmonico,  New  York 


65     Paradise  Lost 

Lent  by*Mr.  Potter  Palmer,  Chicago 


'  Mr.  Potter  Pair 


66    The  Isolated  Haystack 

Lent  by  Mr.  S.  M.  Nickerson,  Chicago    . 
22 


67  Canal  St.  Omer 

Lent  by  Mr.  L.  Crist  Delmonico,  New  York 

68  Sunset 

Lent  by  Messrs.  M.  Knoedler  &  Co.,  New  York 


69     Fishermen's  Homes — Evening 

Lent  by  Mr.  Richard  S.  Barnes,  Brooklyn 


70    A  Wretched     Harvest — more     rain     to- 
morrow 

Lent  by  Mr.  T.  J.  Blakeslee,  New'York 


71     The  Carrier's  Cart 

Lent  by  Mr.  Samuel  Untermyer,  New  York 


York 

72     Home  by  the  Sea 


£ 


Lent  by  Mr.  Potter  Palmer,  Chicago 


73  Evening  at  Robinson,   near  Paris 

Lent  by  Messrs.  Reichard  &  Co.,  New  York 

/ 

74  My  Garden — September  evening 

Lent  by  Mr.  J.  Eastman  Chase,  Boston 
23 


75  Elsinore— "  'Tis   now  struck  twelve!" 

Lent  by  Mr.  Potter  Palmer,  Chicago 

76  Farm  of  a  Retired  Sailor 

Lent  by  Mr.  Samuel  P.  Avery,  Jr.,  New  York 

77  Going  Home  Before  the  Storm 

Lent  by  Mr.  Robert  K.  McNeely,  Philadelphia 

78  The  Fisherman's  Cottage 

Lent  by  Mr.  George  W.  Elkins,  Philadelphia 

79  Dunes  in  Springtime 

Lent  by  Mr.  Frederic  Bonner,  New  York 

80  Night 

Lent  by  Mr.  John  G.  Johnson,  Philadelphia 

81  A  Former  Royal  Highway 

Lent  by  Messrs.  M.  Knoedler  &  Co.,  New  York 

<7 

82  Night  at  Samer 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  L.  Elkins,  Philadelphia 


83     Rosy  Sunset 

Lent  by  Daniel  Catlin,  St.  Louis 
24 


84  Starlight — December 

Lent  by  Mr.  John  G.  Johnson,  Philadelphia 

85  Bourg-la-Reine 

Lent  by  Messrs.  M.  Knoedler  &  Co..  New  York-' 

86  Suburb  of  Antwerp 

Lent  by  Mr.  P.  A.  B.  Widener,  Philadelphia 

87  Wheat  Harvest 

Lent  by  Mr.  Potter  Palmer,  Chicago 

88  The  Pool— sunset 

Lent  by  Mr.  John  G.  Johnson,  Philadelphia 

89  English  Farm — rising  mist 

Lent  by  Mr.  Frederic  Bonner,  New  York 

90  A  Farm  in  Holland 

Lent  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Altman,  New  York 

91  Petite  Hollande,  near  St.  Omer 

Lent  by  Mrs.  G.  E.  Dodge,  New  York 
25 


92    Moonlight 

Lent  by  Mr.  Louis  Stern,  New  York 


93  "M.-sur-M." — Les  Mis£rables — Victor 

Hugo 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  L.  Elkins,  Philadelphia 

94  A  Dyke  in  Holland 

Lent  by  Mr.  Frederic  Bonner,  New  York 

95  "Theocrite" 

Lent  by  M.  Duranii-Ruel,  New  York 


96    Street  Scene,  Village  in  Picardy 

Lent  by  Mr.  W.  L.  Elkins,  Philadelphia 


97     The  Bridge  \Jr. 

Lent  by  Mr.  Potter  Palmer,  Chicago 


98  A  Vineyard,   Seine-et-Marne 

Lent  by  Mr.  Frederic  Bonner,  New  York 

99  Starlight  Night 

From  the  Salon  du  Champ-de-Mars,  1890 

Lent  by  Mr.  E.  Burgess  Warren,  Philadelphia 
26 


ioo    Windmill — Windy   weather 

Lent  by  Messrs.  Schaus  &  Co.,  New  York 


ioi     Twilight 

Lent  by  Mr.  Frederic  Bonner,  New  York 


1 02     St.  Catharine 

"The  heaven  indeed  is  high;  the 
earth  is  great  ;  the  sea  is  im- 
mense; the  stars  are  beautiful; 
but  He  who  made  all  these  things 
must  needs  be  greater  and  more 
beautiful"  ^ 

Lent  by  Mr.  Potter  Palmer,  Chicago 


103     The  Departure 

Lent  by  the  Estate  of  the  late  Mr.  William  Schaus, 
New  York 


104     The  White  Mill 

Lent  by  Mr.  L.  Crist  Delmonico,  New  York 

i  os     Lake  in  Flanders 

Lent  by  Mr.  Frederic  Bonner,  New  YorK 
27 


106     Zuyder  Zee 

Lent  by  Mr.  Potter  Pnlmer,  Chicago 


107     Two  Water  Mills 

"Stream  passes  and  wheel  turns  day 
and   night"  ^ 

Intend,;/  for  Salon  du  Chamf-de-Mars,  1894 
Lent  by  Messrs.  Boussod,  Valadon  &  Co.,  New  York 


108  Moonlight  Night 

Lent  by  Mr.  Charles  Stewart  Smith,  New  York 

109  Early  Moon 

Lent  by  Mr.  John  Caldwell,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


110     Wheat  Harvest 

Lent  by  Mr.  William  Buchanan]  New  York 


1 1 1     Moonlight  in   Holland 

Lent  by  the  Corcoran  Gallery  of  Art,  Washington,  D.C. 


112     Home  of  the  Coast  Guard— Starlight 

Lent  by  M.  I.  Montaignac,  Paris 
2S 


"A."     Orphans — Group    in    bronze   by   Ma- 
dame Marie  Cazin 
"B."   Series  of  Medals  by  J.  M.  Michel  Cazin 

From  the  French  Department  World's   Columbian 
Exposition,  Chicago 


29 


ETCHINGS 

BY 

J.    M.    MICHEL    CAZIN 

113  A  Magistrate,  after  Rembrandt 

(Antwerp) 

114  A    Boat   Master,   alter   Marie  Cazin 

1 1 5  Savonarole,   after  Marie  Cazin 


ORIGINAL    SUBJECTS 


116  Sister  St.   Paulin 

117  Young  Fisherman 

118  Wounded  Soldier 

30 


1 19  Old  Man  Smoking 

120  A  Shooting  Ground — guard 

121  Portrait  of  Mr.    Braeunig 

122  Spanish  Girl 

123  An  Old  Widower 

124  A  Philosopher 


STUDIES 


125     Study  from  Franz  Hals  (Haarlem) 


126    Study  from  A.   Durer  (Brussels) 


127     Study  from  Rembrandt  (Antwerp) 
31 


128  Study  from  Rembrandt  (Brussels) 

129  Study  from   Rembrandt  (Amsterdam) 

130  Study  from  Rembrandt  (London) 

The  American  Art  Association 

Managers 


32 


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